What is a nerve block?

A nerve block is a type of regional anesthesia that involves injecting anesthetic medication near a specific nerve or group of nerves to “block” pain signals from reaching the brain, resulting in numbness in a targeted area of the body. Whether it’s the arm, leg, or face, a nerve block ensures that the designated area remains pain-free during and after surgery. This technique is especially useful for procedures requiring precise pain management, providing relief without impacting the rest of the body.

When are nerve blocks administered?

Nerve blocks are typically administered before surgery, often in the preoperative area. An anesthesiologist carefully identifies the nerve or group of nerves related to the surgical site and injects the anesthetic to numb the area completely before the procedure begins. Nerve blocks are commonly used for surgeries involving the limbs, such as hand or knee surgeries, as well as for dental and facial procedures. They are also an effective option for managing post-surgical pain, providing extended pain relief for several days after the procedure.

What does it feel like to receive a nerve block? 

When receiving a nerve block, you may initially feel a mild stinging or burning sensation from the local anesthetic used to numb the skin before the procedure. Once the anesthetic is injected near the nerve, you’ll gradually lose sensation in the targeted area. The numbness can feel like a heaviness or tingling sensation in the affected body part, ensuring that you do not feel any pain during surgery. The anesthesia usually takes effect within minutes.

How long does a nerve block last?

The duration of a nerve block can vary depending on the type and amount of anesthetic used. In general, nerve blocks can provide pain relief for several hours and, in some cases, up to a few days after surgery. This makes them especially useful not only during the procedure but also for managing post-operative pain. If longer pain relief is needed, a continuous infusion through a catheter may be used.

What types of surgeries are nerve blocks commonly used for?

Nerve blocks are particularly effective for surgeries involving the extremities, such as hand, arm, shoulder, knee, or foot surgeries. Because nerve blocks provide targeted pain relief, they are ideal for surgeries where only a specific area of the body needs to be numbed, without affecting other regions or requiring general anesthesia.

Are there different types of nerve blocks?

Yes, there are several types of nerve blocks depending on the location of the surgery. For example, a brachial plexus block numbs the nerves of the arm and shoulder, while a femoral nerve block is used for surgeries on the thigh, knee, or hip. A sciatic nerve block is often administered for foot and ankle surgeries. Your anesthesiologist will choose the appropriate nerve block based on the area of your body where the surgery is being performed.

Are there any side effects or risks associated with nerve blocks? 

Nerve blocks are generally safe, but like any medical procedure, they carry some risks. Common side effects may include temporary muscle weakness, numbness, or tingling in the affected area. More serious but rare complications include infection, nerve injury, or bleeding at the injection site. In some cases, patients may experience an allergic reaction to the anesthetic. Your anesthesiologist will monitor you closely during the procedure and take steps to minimize any risks.